Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence, is collectively the violent acts that are primarily committed against women. The United Nations defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.”

According to Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2014, one in every five women in Pakistan is subjected to physical violence, a third of all married women go through it, as well. Over 40 per cent of women suffer spousal abuse at some point. On the other hand, in terms of the Global Gender Gap, Pakistan stands 143 in economic participation and opportunity, 135 in educational attainment, 125 in health and survival and 87 in political empowerment. In 2015 it was recorded that 59% of violence experienced is domestic violence, 14% through being forced into marriages, 5% rapes, 2% inheritance deprivation and 18% other kinds of violence.

Gender inequality is the root cause of violence against women, influenced by the historical and structural power imbalance between women and men which exist in varying degrees. The reason behind the above quoted “cruel stats” in Pakistan is century’s long deep rooted patriarchal system that controls women at three levels – individual, societal and structural.

Whilst individuals suppress the women, the society has norms and traditions which tolerate violence against women. Lack of services and poor legislation are among several kinds of discrimination towards women being perpetuated at the structural level.

Unrealistic norms and values, misinterpretation of religion, false and double standards backed by control of men on recourse and decision power make the situation worst. These factors force women to be dependent on her male counterpart for her economic needs, mobility, and health and education rights.

Although this is a global issue, in our society women are faced with some of the most extreme kinds of violence. In recent years we have witnessed many cases of so called “honor” killing, not only in rural but in urban areas as well. Whereas despite the improvement in laws, ratio of crimes like acid throwing, burning alive, early or forced marriages, kidnapping and rape have also increased. Moreover, bullying, character assassination, workplace harassment and deprivation of due rights are the challenges that Pakistani working women have to deal with along with her regular work tasks.

To eliminate VAW and to make the society more cooperative for half of the population, many efforts have been done in recent past. But a lot of work is still needed, both from the society and the state. Studies have shown that there are some protective factors that can reduce the risk of women and girls of being a victim of VAW. These factors include completion of at least secondary education, women’s economic autonomy and access to skills and trainings, quality response services (judicial, security/protection, social and medical) with trained service providers, and availability of safe spaces or shelters.

To curb this situation White Ribbon Pakistan is working on a unique model of men engagement to end violence against women. For this we are running a nationwide advocacy and awareness campaign calling men to join this movement. We believe that to bring a paradigm sift in the situation it is important to redefine the existing narrative on the status of women in society.